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Robert Waddington (mathematician)
Robert Waddington (died 1779) was a mathematician, astronomer and teacher of navigation. He is best known as one of the observers appointed by the Royal Society to observe the 1761 transit of Venus with Nevil Maskelyne on the island of Saint Helena. On that voyage they made successful use of the lunar-distance method of establishing longitude at sea. Waddington subsequently taught the method at his academy in London and published a navigation manual, ''A Practical Method for Finding the Longitude and Latitude of a Ship at Sea, by Observations of the Moon'' (1763).
== Life before 1761 ==
Little is known about Waddington's early life, although he was probably the "Mr. Rob. Waddington of Hull" who appeared in ''The Gentleman's Diary or The Mathematical Repository'' in 1758 and Benjamin Martin's ''General Magazine of Arts and Sciences'' in 1759. The papers of the gentleman astronomer Nathaniel Pigott〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.ras.org.uk/library/about-the-library?id=116 )〕 show that Waddington was living in his household, in Whitton, Middlesex, immediately before his appointment as an observer by the Royal Society. It is from these manuscripts that we have a detailed knowledge of Waddington's experience of the Saint Helena expedition and his subsequent attempts to forge a career as a teacher, mathematical practitioner and longitude projector.
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